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In this paper, vehicle counting is investigated using various machine methods on four datasets. Its Mean Absolute Percentage Error or MAPE can be improved from 93.8 to 48.8% and improved further by 5.1% using type test method. By adopting and modifying Cell Transmission Model or CTM, a variant Macro model, it is shown that simulated speeds for AM cluster generated by CTM can be calibrated to follow real traffic data. The test, carried out without the use of any intrusive sensors, has produced data which is in agreement with previous traditional method. Real data set have been obtained by using only seven VDZ agents who have carried GPS enabled smart phones, together with snapshots from fifteen existing CCTV, on Tangerang to Jakarta highway (a distance of 21 km). VDZ system is better than the traditional system which uses loop detectors, as it is able to show zero speeds at totally jammed density, which is an essential parameter for macroscopic traffic model. This paper shows that our novel method, Virtual Detection Zone (VDZ) system with CCTV snap shots can provide the empirical data needed to construct Fundamental Diagrams and to calibrate a chosen model. Secondly, by ensuring that valid data is only delivered from a significant distance of the user’s private locations, and thirdly, by splitting the data to two parts before using OTP. Furthermore, from this study, it is proposed to increase privacy, firstly by using OTP to doubly-lock the sensor’s data. From a number of experiments, it has been found that Virtual Detection Zone method can be used to obtain 100% map matching, as it ensures matching by comparing the GPS data to a set of pre-determined check points (circular VDZ, preferably with a radius of 50-185m). Consequently, this paper attempts to find a novel way to map match 2D local map with actual GPS traces from mobile phones.
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This development is pursued in the efforts of reducing or avoiding traffic jams. In the recent years, it has become readily more accepted that smart mobile phones with GPS or A-GPS enabled device, or even Cell-ID enabled, among the commuters, can be used as traffic sensor, which complements other traditional sensors.